Modern quality management believes that for the product to meet the required quality indicators, it should start from every process of production and ensure it by controlling and adjusting the factors that affect the quality of the process. Process quality must be achieved through work quality and various management methods. Therefore, in quality management work, work quality should be used to ensure process quality and process quality should be used to ensure product quality. It can be seen that to achieve quality goals, it is necessary to establish an effective and easy-to-operate quality management system in the management system. And apply this system to the entire manufacturing process of products.


1. People-----Welding operator factors.
Various welding methods rely on different levels of operator dependence. For manual arc welding, the welder's operating skills and careful work attitude are crucial to ensuring welding quality. For all kinds of semi-automatic welding, the movement of the arc along the welding joint is also controlled by the welder. If the welder has poor quality awareness during welding, is careless in operation, does not comply with the welding process regulations, or has low operating skills and unskilled technology, the quality of direct welding will be affected. The control measures for welding personnel are as follows:
(1) Strengthen the quality awareness education of welders that “quality comes first, users come first, and the next process is the user”, improve their sense of responsibility and meticulous work style, and establish a quality responsibility system.
(2) Conduct on-the-job training for welders regularly, master process procedures theoretically, and improve operational skills in practice.
(3) Welders are required to strictly implement welding process regulations during production, and strengthen self-inspection of the welding process and inspection by full-time inspection personnel.
(4) Earnestly implement the welder examination system, insist that welders work with certificates, and establish welder technical files. For the production of important or major welded structures, more detailed consideration of the welder is required. For example, the length of welder training time, production experience, current technical status, age, length of service, physical strength, vision, attention, etc., should all be included in the scope of the assessment.


2. Machine-----Welding machine equipment factors.
The performance stability and reliability of various welding equipment directly affect the welding quality. The more complex the equipment structure, the higher the degree of mechanization and automation, and the higher the welding quality depends on it. Therefore, such equipment is required to have better performance and stability. Welding equipment must be inspected and tried before use, and a regular inspection system must be implemented for all kinds of welding equipment in service. In the welding quality assurance system, to ensure the quality of the welding process, the following points should be done for welding machinery and equipment:
(1) Regular maintenance, maintenance, and repair of welding equipment, and trial use of important welded structures before production.
(2) Regularly calibrate various instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters, and gas flow meters on welding equipment to ensure accurate measurement during production.
(3) Establish technical files on the status of welding equipment to provide ideas for analyzing and solving problems that arise.
(4) Establish a responsibility system for welding equipment users to ensure the timeliness and continuity of equipment maintenance. In addition, the use conditions of welding equipment, such as requirements for water, electricity, environment, etc., the adjustability of welding equipment, the space required for operation, error adjustment, etc. also need to be fully paid attention to, to ensure the normal use of welding equipment.


3. Material-----Welding raw material factors.
The raw materials used in welding production include base metal, welding materials (welding rods, welding wires, flux, protective gas), etc. The quality of these materials is the basis and prerequisite for ensuring the quality of welding products. To ensure welding quality, quality inspection of raw materials is very important. In the initial stage of production, that is, before feeding materials, it is necessary to seal the materials to stabilize production and stabilize the quality of welded products. In the welding quality management system, the quality control of welding raw materials mainly includes the following measures:
(1) Strengthen the factory acceptance and inspection of welding raw materials, and re-inspect their physical and chemical indicators and mechanical properties when necessary.
(2) Establish a strict management system for welding raw materials to prevent contamination of welding raw materials during storage.
(3) Implement a marking operation system for welding raw materials during production to achieve tracking and control of the quality of welding raw materials.
(4) Select welding raw material suppliers and cooperative factories with higher reputations and better product quality for ordering and processing to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of welding quality accidents. In short, the control of welding raw materials should be based on welding specifications and national standards, and their quality should be tracked and controlled promptly, rather than just entering the factory for acceptance and ignoring the marking and inspection during the production process.


4． Method-----Welding process method factors.
Welding quality is highly dependent on process methods and occupies a very prominent position among the factors that affect the quality of welding processes. The impact of process methods on welding quality mainly comes from two aspects. On the one hand, the rationality of process formulation; on the other hand, the rigor of executing the process. First of all, the welding process of a certain product or material must be process evaluated, and then the welding process regulations should be formulated according to the process evaluation report and drawing technical requirements, and the welding process instructions or welding process cards should be prepared. These various process parameters are expressed in written form. It is the basis for guiding welding. It is compiled based on tests conducted to simulate similar production conditions, long-term accumulated experience, and the specific technical requirements of the product. It is an important basis for ensuring welding quality. It is prescriptive and serious. , prudence, and continuity characteristics. It is usually compiled by experienced welding technicians to ensure its correctness and rationality. In the welding quality management system, the effective control of factors affecting welding process methods is:
(1) The welding process must be evaluated by relevant regulations or national standards.
(2) Select experienced welding technicians to prepare the required process documents. The process documents must be complete and continuous.
(3) By the provisions of the welding procedure regulations, strengthen on-site management and supervision during the welding process.
(4) Before production, welding product test plates and welding process inspection test plates must be made by the welding process regulations to verify the correctness and rationality of the process methods. In addition, welding process regulations should be formulated regardless of size, and quality accident remediation plans should be in place for important welding structures to minimize losses.


5． Environment-----environmental factors.
In a specific environment, welding quality is also highly dependent on the environment. Welding operations are often performed outdoors in the open air and are inevitably affected by external natural conditions (such as temperature, humidity, wind, rain, and snow). Under certain other factors, welding quality problems may also be caused simply by environmental factors. Therefore, it should also attract some attention. In the welding quality management system, the control measures for environmental factors are relatively simple. When the environmental conditions do not meet the specified requirements, such as strong wind, wind speed greater than Level 4, or rain or snow weather, and the relative humidity is greater than 90%, the welding work can be temporarily stopped. , or take measures to prevent wind, rain, and snow before welding; when welding at low temperatures, low carbon steel should not be lower than -20°C, and ordinary alloy steel should not be lower than -10°C. If this temperature limit is exceeded, the workpiece can be properly warmed up.